Tool mark Examination Physical Criminalistics Lab Report

joyride mark Examination Physical Criminalistics - Lab Report ExampleTools can include the usual instruments such as screwdrivers, drill bits, hummer, pry bars and punch or other substances such as rocks. several(predicate) instruments will create different impressions or marks but each tool creates an impression that is droll to itself.Tools and their impressions be largely delimitate by the manufacturing process that was used in production and thus lab scientists should be familiar with the various manufacturing processes including casting, forging, extrusion, machining and others. Also certain manufacturing process produce marks that change with while due to wearing of the cutting tool when in contact with the work piece (Monturo, 2010, p 8). pliable materials may also develop built up move ons during machining when the material cold welds onto the tool cutting edge due to high pressures resulting from the process. As more pressure is applied, the built up edge breaks o ff and the raw(a) material replaces the edge and thus the change in the cutting go forth is used to examine the fabricate tools and their marks.The main types of marks that are created by different tools including impressed marks such as beetle strikes and striated marks such as the marks made when a screwdriver slides over a soft surface (Association of Firearms and Tool Mark Examiners, 2007).The toolmarks are further classified according to their class and subclass properties. Tools also have respective(prenominal) characteristics including random imperfections resulting from the manufacturing process, corrosion or damage (Association of Firearms and Tool Mark Examiners, 2007). Class characteristic features are defined before the manufacture of the tool and include its shape and size and the type of impression that is imparted by the tool including shearing, slicing, compression and crimping (Association of Firearms and Tool Mark Examiners, 2007, p 8). Subclass properties are in most situations confused with the individual characteristics. They are the

The Introduction of Popular Music in School Music Curriculum Essay

The cosmos of Popular Music in School Music Curriculum - Essay ExampleIn virtually societies in human civilisations timeline, there has been a great regard to various finesse forms, and these are often included in the daily lives of these peoples. Music is considered to be one of these important cunning forms that not only serve an aesthetic purpose, but also as part of the communitys culture, traditions, and spiritual living. While euphony is not something that everyone must do in any succumbn society, it has been a ecumenically-accepted truth that aside from all other humanistic artistic pursuits, melody is a key comprehensive feature in human civilisation (Green, 2003, p. 263). Such is high regard for music that long later modernisation and expansion of science and technology, there is still room for the inclusion of music in close to every aspect of human society and culture from business (i.e. showbiz and merchandising) to social stance (i.e. music in defining politic al standpoint), thus it is still included in nearly every school curricula from the gone to the present. Music education among various levels of schooling has been the norm for most educational systems and often lauded as a ardent means of empowering and changing students and teachers (Abrahams, 2005, p. 12). Positive effects of music learning like instilling opposite virtues and attitudes among music students such as discipline and teamwork and improving literacy rates and increasing social awareness at heart the melodious context are included in the many reasons why music is still a strong part of educational curricula in all levels of education despite a world-wide decrease in funds allotted for education in most nations (Philpott & Plummeridge, 2001 Tagg, 1982, p. 40). Aside from music as a universal concept and idea, it is considered a part of tradition and culture, giving people their unique identity amidst a fast modern life (Lamont & Maton, 2010). Musics importance and relevance is still recognised, and as a strong component of aesthetics music education remains to be integrated in most schools incumbent curricula. At present most schools music curricula focus on traditional teaching music by dint of the use of different scales, notations, sight reading, harmonisation and other musical concepts associated with traditional music lessons, along with musical styles of church hymns, orchestral and solo instruments typical of the early European classical pieces (Swanwick, 2002). While there has been discover advanced developments in other curricula such as science, mathematics, literature, and sociology, teaching methods in musical education concord not changed much since the introduction of the public schooling system, making it lag behind from other handle of study. Because of this, lessons appear to focus on music that most of the younger generation consider church music, old people music or archaic, making them care less and deem these to be of lesser regard as opposed to say, music from the 1970s and beyond (Jorgensen, 2003, p. 4). This way of thinking pushes the remove to include other aspects of music that the present generation has greater appreciation of into the school curriculum, to increase the avocation of the students in learning music and to improve their perception in learning the important principles of music as a whole (Frith, 1998). However, the fact that most academicians have less regard on popular music makes it harder to integrate this kind of music genre into an academic setting, as popular music has often been considered to be unimaginative, has lesser variation in style, timbre, etc., highly-repetitive, and comparable to mass-produced items (Lebler, 2008 Serra, Corral, Boguna, Haro & Ll. Arcos, 2012). Stigma associated with popular music does not give it justice to be taught formally to younger generations, which makes it difficult to integrate it into formal music curricula. Thankfully, there we re changes in this viewpoint recently, and it is possible that through a compromise between the introduction

Laputa, Castle In The Sky Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Laputa, Castle In The Sky - Essay sampleLaputa- Castle in the Sky was enthused by Gullivers Travels by Jonathan Swift. The film is the first one that came from Japanese lifespan thrust Studio Ghibli. It was also the third major film produced by its master Hayao Miyazaki. Young Pazu lives in a charming mountain town. He is a worker in a coal tap that is located in the mountain. One day as he carried on with his daily activities, an unconscious fille fell from the sky and landed on his arms, to his amazement. Sheeta was being trail by several people who cherished her for interrogation thinking that she was connected to the secret of Laputa, castle in the sky. These people comprised of a group of military, pirates and any(prenominal) government officials. They followed her because of the blue crystal that was tied on her neck. This crystal made her almost weightless and allowed her to rainfly in to the sky without much effort (Books, Macias & Aoyama, 2003). Pazu carried her int o his house. They did not take long before they became acquainted. However, their stay at Pazus house was short-lived because after a short time, the bad people who were in seek of her showed up at Pazus doorstep wanting to arrest Sheeta and take the crystal that was tied around her neck. Pazu could not allow them take Sheeta and the crystal. Therefore, he helps her escape with him. The people who wanted to capture Sheeta did not give up. They chased them across the mountains, done the mines and into the air. The escape helps the audience understand the flying castle of Laputa and the fact that Sheeta knows more data about it than she reveals. Laputa follows Pazu and Sheeta who fly in a floating castle in the sky. On the other hand, the family of pirates and the military personnel follow them using an aircraft that flies by a steam-powered engine (Beck, 2005). Hayao Miyazaki tells the story through the beauty of the animation. He uses a design that is phenomenal and constructs m echanical contraptions that fly. The landscapes where the chase occurs have been developed with a magical touch that gives the film beautiful environments where the action occurs. The scenes are painted using deep terrene colors that fill up the large spaces that follow the action. The action happens without stopping from the very beginning through the whole film to its final stages. Despite the fact that the film features a lot of action that invariably occupies the screen, Laputa, castle in the sky, features quieter moments that have strong characterization and diverse humor. This is achieved through the use of fully fleshed-out rachis stories and motives that are created from the adventurous ways of the characters. For instance, the family of pirates is handled in a way that depicts them as simple caricatures. Their domineering father is given best dramatic scenes that bring out her character as a pantomime scoundrel that, in turn, develops into a full-fledged protagonist (C avallaro, 2006). As the story develops, the audience is led to a surrogate that occurs between opposites. It happens in a rather fulfilling manner. At one time, the audience is led to scenes where Pazu and Sheeta find themselves as partners in an unlikely situation characterized by a shady bunch. Pazu takes the duty of ensuring that the enemies do not lower them by surprise by constantly paying attention to what happens in the crow

Case Study Discuss the pathpyysiology of Myelofibrosis Essay

Case Study Discuss the pathpyysiology of Myelofibrosis - Essay physical exertionThis disease is characterized by fibrosis and sclerosis of study marrow. To compensate for the hematopoietic prison cell population, extramedullary hematopoiesis takes place in the spleen, accounting for the massive enlargement of the spleen. This disease occurs predominantly in subjects over the age of 54 years. The bone marrow fibrosis is the hallmark of pathological findings in such(prenominal) cases, where extensive fibrosis with resultant peripheral blood leukoerythroblastosis is expect as a typical histopathologic picture on bone marrow biopsy (Tefferi, 2000, p. 1255-1265).This clinically heterogeneous collection of diseases stems from clonal proliferation of stem cell origin and is characterized at least initially by marrow hypercellularity with variable degrees of marrow fibrosis and an increase in the production of one or more terminally differentiated cell types. These differentiated elemen ts may accumulate in the bone marrow, in the peripheral blood, and in other organs, such as, spleen. All these diseases demonstrate a variable tendency to undergo disease progression that may revoke in bone marrow failure or in transformation to an acute phase malignant disease. The evaluation of bone marrow histology holds an important role in defining the pathology of this disease, by mainly judgment out unsuspected pathology. The pathologic changes are subtle until the disease has progressed, and therefore, classification of these upsets benefits from the integration of the morphologic de coloreds with clinical, hematologic, and cytogenetic findings. Of major importance is the presence or absence of Philadelphia chromosomes (BCR/ABL or translocation922). This group of diseases constitutes the classical group of BCR/ABL-negative degenerative myeloproliferative disorders. The disease is regarded as one of the chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Recently considerable progres s has been made in sense its pathogenesis, although this has yet to result in significant therapeutic advances. Indeed, its prognosis remains poor when compared to other BCR-ABL-negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders with death resulting from cardiac failure, infection, hemorrhage, and leukemic transformation (Barosi, 2003, p. 1211-1226).Hemapoetic Components It has been appreciated for many years that MF is a clonal disorder and that the disease arises from the proliferation of malignant pluripotential stem cells. Recently, using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), there is evidence that both(prenominal) B and T cells can be involved, while karyotypic analysis has shown that the stromal proliferation is polyclonal, or reactive, and not part of the rudimentary clonal hematopoiesis. An increased number of circulating hematopoietic precursors, including pluripotent and lineage restricted progenitor cells is a feature of MF and is likely to result from the proteolytic r elease of stem cells from the marrow. It is also possible that the spleen and liver contribute to the circulating progenitor pool as splenectomy temporarily normalizes levels. The high level of circulating progenitor cells is reflected in the significantly increased peripheral

Ethics - Should Heinz steal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics - Should Heinz steal - Essay Examplef the utile possibleness of ethics, it is important to origin look at the main example principle that guide decision do in the utilitarian theory of ethics. According to the utilitarian theory of ethics, the directive principle in making moral judgements and moral decisions is to always choose the carry through that maximizes the happiness for the bulk of mickle who go away be affected by the moral decision in other words, the utilitarian theory of ethics hold that in making moral decisions, we should always choose the action that will result in the highest good for the majority of people (Singer, 14). This means that, in judging the morality of Heinzs action in light of the utilitarian theory of ethics, we should ask ourselves whether or not Heinzs action will result in the highest good for the majority of people.A critical analysis of Heinzs action in this case study shows that Heinzs action will inevitably result in the highest go od for the majority of people. This is because the healing of Heinzs wife will make Heinzs family members and friends happier, than would the $2000 that the druggist would earn from the drug that Heinz store from him, make the druggist family members and friends happy. Given that on that point was no other available drug that could heal Heinzs wife from the lethal cancer, and also, given the fact that Heinz had exhausted all the available means to raise the $2000 required for the radium drug, Heinzs action of recess into the druggists store and stealing the drug so as to save his wife is chastely justifiable on the utilitarian ground.Heinzs action of stealing the drug from the druggist is also virtuously justifiable under the Kantian Deontology. According to Kantian categorical imperative, which is the Kantian moral principle guiding moral decisions, in making moral decisions, we should always choose the moral action that we should at the same time wish to be made into a univers al law (Kant, 18). In other words,

Eight history essay questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Eight history questions - Essay ExampleThe moody Codes in the Mississippi allowed the Blacks to be arrested for vagrancy and used them as cheap labor. They were also prohibited from owning arms, holding commodious gatherings and enrolling in juries. In response to these Black Codes the Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in April 1866, which permitted blacks to enjoy many an(prenominal) rights. President Johnson vetoed the Act saying it would cause discord among races and this paved the way for his impeachment. During his trial, the Senate needed one more(prenominal) voting to reach the 2/3 rd majority and carry out the impeachment, but the single vote of Edmund G. Ross, a young Radical Republican, was instrumental in twist arounding the tables in Johnsons favor and so he remained in office.During the Civil War, on January 1st 1863, President Abraham Lincoln passed the Emancipation Proclamation which wad free all the slaves in the rebellious states. This proclamation capture d the minds and hearts of millions of African Americans and in turn served to turn the war into a war of freedom.Though thousands of fugitives were crowded into camps, the Government organized relief societies for the families to be interpreted care of. They organized aid and schools to teach the men, women and children to read and write thus providing the African Americans with an education. The Government also commissioned the Blacks into the army and other jobs which were not open to them before.Women of the Civil War were held in high prise and they were allowed to take on politically active roles. During the Californian Gold Rush between 1849 and 1882, quite a large group of Chinese immigrants immigrated to the United States. Some of them worked alone where as others worked for other miners. The majority of them colonised there permanently while others went back home with the money they had saved. During the 1870s there was an economic crisis where great deal

MANAGEMENT REPORT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

way REPORT - Assignment ExampleThe revenue from the natural resource makes the arena rich. That is why the country has seen a sustained economic growth in last few years even though the backup of the world was suffering from global financial crisis. For years Qatar was among the fastest growing economy, but from the crisis period in 2008 it is among the top three countries in terms of the growth of GDP. The positive economic scenario allows the banking sector of Qatar to grow.Qatar is the place where the east sides meet western people. Apart from the domestic business houses, the hydrocarbon economy has attracted many foreign investors to invest in Qatar, Kerbaj (2006). The contribution of Petroleum is 70% of the government revenue, 85% of the export earning and more than 60% of the Gross domestic help Product (GDP) of the country. According to Shachmurove (2009) a very interesting fact about Qatar is that, there is no income measure for Qatari and GCC nationals. However, it is not a tax free country. Taxes are being collected from business houses, bodily and foreign investor. That is why the banking system in Qatar is bit different from the rest of the world. The apex bank of the country is Central Bank of Qatar. Many commercial bank and foreign banks are operating in the grime of the country. The banking system of Qatar is secure, well financed and well regulated. Regular banking services like, retail banking, corporate banking, branch banking, online banking, mobile banking, source and debit facilities are available from the bank. Hasim & Chaker (2009) argued that, like in other parts of the world Qatar is also crimp towards using new technologies in the banking system such as online banking and telephonic banking as these instruments have do banking easier and accessible.Elsamadisy et al. (2013) argued that, the banking scenario has seen a big change during the pre and post global financial crisis. The monetary policies and other banking policies

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 24

Case Study ExampleIt commanded 7.6% of the market. Secondly, according to the case, Eskimo pie had at least one of its products in 98% of the grocery stores located across the fall in States. As such, this has coarse implications in determining the worth of Eskimo pie. Therefore, Eskimos market comportment and market share across the United States commands a better high price than what is estimated by Goldman. Having a larger market share and presence in any industry gives the company an edge everywhere its competitors. Therefore, it should deserve and attract a higher premium than what was offered by Goldman and Nestle.Past performance is vital when estimating the value of Eskimo pie. Since 1987, the companys net gross sales increased by over 50 % ((17198-30769) 30, 769). Subsequently, profits of the company increased by over 1300% over the same period ((2526-171) 171). This is according to the data depicted in Exhibit 1.There are legion(predicate) reasons a company might wa nt to acquire an separate company. The primary reason cuddle precious to acquire Eskimo Pie was to possess and establish a stronger and robust position or presence in the fixed novelty market. According to the case, draw near owns drumsticks. I can take this to mean that maybe nestle owns other frozen novelties, but the case does not specify or mention any. By purchasing Eskimo pie, nestle would be a frontrunner in the industry by having a larger presence. There are dominance synergies to be gained from acquiring Eskimo pie. This is because of the involvement of nestle in the frozen novelties too. In my opinion, Eskimo is worth more to nestle as an acquisition than as a stand-alone company. This is due to the following reasons. Most of the workforce and circumspection of Eskimo pie would not be needed in order to avoid duplication of duties. Since the products of Eskimo and nestle target and go to the same market, the distribution costs of nestle would be nearly eliminated. Add itionally, the marketing expenditure will drop. I

Blog Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Blog - Article typeThe company understood that the S5, which is packed with health and passtingness features like pedometer, built-in heart rate monitor, and fitness tracker would trigger even more spare-time activity in its Gear Fit. That is why the Gear Fit was hyped and sharp marketed prior to its launch that came soon after the launch of the S5. The essence was to portray the Gear Fit as a companion to the S5 that was not a luxury but a valued-adding gadget. So, essentially, Samsung used the popularity and reach of its smartphones to consider the Gear Fit.Secondly, Samsung adopted a health and fitness theme with the launch of the S5 and the Gear Fit that would certainly resonate with most people who are conscious of health and fitness. By doing this, the company made genuine that by the time the gadget came the target market had already got wind of its availability and developed interest in it. This shows a good application of market/consumer segmentation techniques, becaus e unless you want to stay healthy and fit there is really no need to buy the gadget. Samsung knew who it wanted to rope in, and it went for the jugular. Personally, I know close to the Gear Fit before its launch and even though I am not a fan of Samsung gadgets I developed interest in it (to the point of contemplating buying one) simply because I am very conscious about my health and

Analysis of SEEK Limited, Telstra Limited and Ansell Limited Essay

Analysis of SEEK Limited, Telstra Limited and Ansell Limited - Essay Exampleanother(prenominal) importance why I utilise the 10 year period data is that if the period is besides short, there whitethorn be just the data for bull market, for instance from 201-2015. Moreover, a short clip period data may result in inadequate information which in turn may result in misinterpretation. Therefore, I used the longer time period to select stock of the trine companies to forecast the upcoming rates in order that legitimate forecasts of stocks may be possible. The data used for the chosen three companies SEEK Limited, Telstra Corporation and Ansell were for the period of 2005-2015 to assess as well as urinate projections 3. COMPANY EVALUATION 3.1.SEEK Limited Business Summary SEEK Limited manages internet/web use of goods and services markets inside Brazil, Hong Kong, Australia, China, New Zealand, Malaysia Thailand, Philippines, Singapore, and globally. The corporation links employers an d job hunters with job openings and equivalent overhauls online and delivers as well as offers holiday education and university courses. Also, it provides online job marketing functions. The corporation was formed during 1997 and its headquarters are in Australia, Melbourne reconcile (Australian Broadcasting Corporation & Nelvana. 3.1.1.Choice of sampling frequency In calculating SEEK Limited standard refraction and expected a return, I used monthly sampling size which is the optimal allowance sampling frequency founded considerations of cost, and a single sample every month gathered at about sympathetic moment of the month in 10 sample design.

What is ADR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What is ADR - Essay ExampleRecently ADR gained wide appreciation and genuineness in voguern states too as its applicability and practicability has increased considerably. This paper seeks to explore the various factors associated with alternative dispute resolutions and special efforts are made to report the legal and social benefits of ADR.The types of Alternative Resolutions qualify according to the nature of disputes and the choice of parties. However, there are certain common ADR options that include both homage annexed ADR and private modes. They can be listed as followsMediation must be the most accepted mode of resolution in the United States. This method is overly termed as conciliation because the parties themselves resolve their disputes in the front end of a neutral third party. The main feature of this method is that it takes place at the parties commitment and the triumph depends on voluntary initiative to bargain and negotiate. However, the mediator does not imp ose a final finish over the disputes but only helps parties to reach settlement. Parties enjoy maximum freedom to explain their stories and to disclose their stance. Furthermore, dissimilar litigation processes, ADR method allows parties to decide their mediator and to design strategies for the resolution. The role of the third party is to create an luck for the parties to sit together and to disclose their position to each other. In order to enhance the resolution process, the facilitator may arrange separate sessions as well as joint meetings.As it is in mediation, arbitration also renders freedom to parties to choose their third party who would hear the disputes. The major difference with the arbitration is that the final finding of fact of the dispute will be imposed by the third party that is the arbitrator. Although arbitration takes place in private, it is enforceable by the legal system. Therefore, as compared to mediation, parties have less freedom in this mode of ADR. at once

A supervisory report on a half day study session of Hypno-birthing Essay

A supervisory report on a fractional day study session of Hypno-birthing - Essay ExampleThis opportunity was then transformed into a integrated project that was to organise a study session for midwives on the subject. Background / context The advent of weft agenda has seen women chose hypnobirthing as a method for pain relief. Hypnobirthing is the process of hypnosis during birth as a track of managing pain and remaining calm during labour. Research on the subject has shown that babies can be delivered without drugs safely and that couples at once can look forward to a beautiful, calm and serene birthing experience, where m different, baby and birthing company combine in joyful bonding. Hypnobirthing is said to enable women to spend a penny a positive, calm more loose experience of childbirth. This trend is raising and it can be asserted that health professional whitethorn have less knowledge about this rising trend. The maternity services need midwives who can respond flexibly within an environment focused on women - centred care (Thomas, 2008). However, research on hypnosis and its use intrapartum is scanty. A pastime in about 8 Trusts to find out if they had a guideline yielded to not. The NMC and RCM websites were searched for any position statements on the subject nil was found. A Cochrane library search (February 2011), MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL realised only 1 research whose results was as follows women taught self-hypnosis had decreased requirements for pharmacological analgesia (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.79, five running games 749 women) including epidural analgesia (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.40. Acupuncture and hypnosis may be beneficial for the management of pain during labour however, the number of women studied has been small. The Trust system does not monitor the use of hypnosis as pain relief despite women using it however, acupuncture is monitored. Recently the workaday telegraph (2011), reported that the National Health Service (NHS) launched an 18-month study of hypnobirthing to try to cut the use of epidurals and other painkillers during childbirth six out of 10 mothers in some hospitals rely on expensive drugs and this has resurrected an rare debate. Is intense pain unavoidable, or is it triggered by fear and tension? Multicentre pragmatic exploratory non-blinded randomised controlled trial (SHIP trail), at Central Lancashire University and involving more than 800 women will investigate self-hypnosis techniques for intrapartum pain management which induces a deep mind of relaxation. Interestingly, to note is the fact that NHS despite the financial difficulties it is facing (Kings Fund) is committed to the choice agenda, hypnobirthing could be one of the answers to only the NHS and to improve the lives of women and babies. According to Salvage, Health services in the UK are facing major challenges in a context of drastic public funding. Salvage (2011) wonders how the choice agenda be upheld in this turbule nt times. Hypnobirthing could be an answer in reduction of intervention like use of epidural, reduction in caesareans sections and increase in normal birth. Hence the need to understand this model as well as having agreed pathways of how it is to be managed. There is a choice SoMs and midwives could be passive or to try to lead and influence change. Our righteousness as well as our contribution as midwives is to

Rising health care costs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rising wellness care terms - Essay ExampleThe author asserts that the Australian government keystone weakness is to deliberately favor the rich leaving the poor out of the outflank Medicare services equation. This is contrasted by the contemporaneous condition in the United States affirming that the Medicare private medical insurance, the predominant fomite for funding healthcare, has disadvantaged poor people. Its profoundly clear that the long-term fiscal balance will in the end rely on the future rate of growth of health care costs. As per the given Medicare and Medicaid costs threshold statistics, if the rates remain in the same continuum as the past few decades, overall federal official costs incurred on those two programs will elevate from 5% to the stated 20% by 2050. I strongly concur that the policymakers focus to simply compound this menace is the core impeding factor in controlling overall federal incurrence over the long run void of tabling an addressing the driving fo rces behind the expansive private and public health care costs. I strongly concur to different authors assertions that distribution of the health care costs throughout the economy does not necessarily solve the issue at hand, and that cost reduction strategy can be achieved void of compromising quality.Also, the assertion of getting rid of fiscal incentives and ensuring that patients health care expenses are covered by their insurance providers is a key way to reduce overall health care costs. The overall insight to combine all possible cost saving(a) options available is not only viable but also practical.

Comstat Transforms American Policing Research Paper

Comstat Transforms American Policing - Research Paper ExampleQuoting theatre director Jeff Godown again, Compstat is a philosophy of crime control. It is less about procuring state-of-the-art equipment than about adopting a state of object that police really do count in reducing crime. The fact that no specialized equipment or computer softw be is a prerequisite for implementing the Compstat program ferments it easier for different police de sectionments across different cities to make use of it as Godown said, it is basically just a philosophy that needs to be followed. Venturing further into his calculate on the Compstat Process Four Principles for Managing Crime Reduction, it is learnt that many members of the law enforcement sector have had the opportunity to wait on training sessions and/or workshops on the principles, practices, policies, and procedures, of Compstat, and that the CompStat process is not a single state-of-the-art computer render with a special software pro gram therefore, not only is the Compstat model adept at tackling the takings of crime, it is flexible, adaptable, and can be used by any police force in any part of the country. According to HabibOzdemir in his article on Compstat Strategic Police Management for Effective Crime disincentive in New York City, the best quality of the Compstat model is the importance given to accountability.For Samuel Walker, he has expressed in his paper that accountability is an element of American policing, and lawfulness and legitimacy, in turn, are essential if the police are to achieve their goals. of reducing crime and disorder. Returning to Ozdemirs paper, Compstat makes operational commanders accountable for being aware of their decisions and a posteriori results of

Contextualised analysis of Associated British Foods PLC Dissertation

Contextualised abridgment of Associated British Foods PLC - Dissertation ExampleFor the purpose of in operation(p) capability of the confederacy, its corporate strategy has been analyzed in addition to the competitive environment and other risks to which it is cosmos exposed. The paper presents the financial evaluation of the gild and for this particular purpose, the most effective tool of ratio analysis has been utilized. The financial ratios are usually divided into various sub categories such as profitability, gearing and liquidity, distributively put emphasis on a different area of the financial outlook of the organization. These analyses form an constituent(a) part of the financial statement analysis, especially from the castors point of view, which are continuously looking for avenues to invest in countries having strengthened and stabilized financial ratios and representing an upward trend. In addition to the financial evaluation, for the purpose of risk assessment, several risks has been identified and assessed such as firm related risks, currency risks, capital structure risks and foodstuff risks. The ABF plc actively follows the corporate governance directives issued by the FRC for the corporation registered in the UK. Being a premium company listed on the stock exchange, the company is required to follow the directives of the corporate governance requirements. The company has stated in its latest financial report that it has complied with all of the provisions and directives of the corporate governance as per the regulations. The company has always remained sincere to its corporate social righteousness and has always strived for it. Being a multinational, the policies of corporate social responsibility extends to all of the countries in which the company has its operations. 1 Overview of the Company Associated British Foods is not a new concern in the food and ingredients industry and is considered analogous to quality and premium brandi ng. The company is a diversified obscure having five major strategic segments which are sugar, agriculture, retail, grocery and ingredients. The company is a multinational and has been working to hike up broaden its horizon. As per the latest financial statements of the company for the annual year 2012, the company is direct in more than 47 countries worldwide having employed more than 106,000 employees. The vision and mission statement of the company is to secure strong leadership in the course of business which is sustainable and long lasting. The company always strives to can quality products to the individuals and other consumers and to become a necessary brand in the peoples day to day active life. The financial year 2012 proved to be a vital year for the company as it continued to progress and thrive in the midst of all the financial difficulties and was able to divert various operating hurdles as well. One of the indicators of the robust financial performance of the com pany was the fact that its revenue increased by an impressive 11% during the current financial year to ?12.3 billion which caused the adjusting operating profit to increase by 17% as compared to the previous

Using Calculus in curves for bridges, tunnels, and more (engineering) Research Paper

utilize Calculus in curves for bridges, tunnels, and to a greater extent (engineering) - Research Paper Exampleexamine the role of calculus in physics at large and circumstantialally determination of the engagement of calculus in the development of bridges, tunnels as well as curves. in that respect is high level of integration of calculus within the entire playing field of physical sciences. (Charles, R. I. 2005)This can be found in both physics as a physical science and biology as a physical science. One can also be open to find calculus in statistics and all the disciplines that relate to it, engineering and its entire spectrum, in economics, business as well as in medicine. Other areas that has witnessed the exploitation of the usage of calculus include modern development. By modern development, it is important to appreciate that areas such(prenominal) as architecture rely extensively in the use of calculus. Another are of modern development is the field of aviation. In th is area, calculus are used extensively as this paper will try to reveal in the subsequent pages. From this end, the study shall examine specific areas and also try to elaborate the importance of the use of calculus in those particular areas.The first most important area where calculus has been extensively used is finding the pitch of a curve. There is a generalized method that can always be used to find a slope of a curve. Usually, this require particular formula of operation. Calculus can always provide a time-tested and tested formula for this with almost absolute accuracy. The nature of the slope is that it is always fairly elementary. By the use of some algebraic formulas, this can always be determined without any problem. To find the steepness of such a slope, there is a need to utilize calculus in determining such slope. purpose the steepness of a slope can be important in a lot more areas of the study. For example, in civil engineering, construction of roads and bridges wi ll rely on the ability of the engineers to shoot for the steepness of a given place. This would enable them determine what actions need to be taken on

Mary Schapiro’s job was to fix the SEC Essay Example for Free

Mary Schapiros job was to fix the arcsecond Essay1.Kotters eight stepsAs already noted, the indorsement was starkly exposed as ill-equipped to deal with the chaos erupting across the globe. It was under strong criticism for the serious fraud of Bernard Madoff and the fail of Wall Street stalwart Lehman Brothers. Accordingly, Mary Schapiro, a career regulator, was appointed the 29th chairman of SEC to save a languishing SEC. She variety showd the way they were doing things at the SEC including creating youthful structures, procedures, and programs to better address the modern pecuniary markets as an urgent need to restore the credibility and public confidence in the SEC. This analysis is base on Kotters (1995) eight-step process for leading successful change. a.Establishing a sense of necessityThe chairwoman argues that urgency is critical. Schapiro developed a change program with three priorities comprising internal assessment, investor protection focus and mistakes ackn owledgement. The mission was to change form the SEC to be a high functioning, mobile and intelligent, and committed to investor protection and market integrity.b.Creating a manoeuvre coalitionIn order to able to manage the change process, she brought in new leadership and new senior team. The new leadership team set about retraining, skilling up and motivating the SECs talent staff. In addition, the investor focused agenda was putting in place. The board and senior management and whence all takes of decision making were required to pay attention to risk at all level of an enterprise. The whistle blower program was set up to detect securities rapines. A final goal was to withdraw the mistakes that the SEC made under its watch. This is the first step in communicating the change mint.c.Developing a vision and strategyA vision was created to help direct the change effort, that was, to build a high functioning, agile and intelligent, and committed to investor protection and marke t integrity agency.d.Communicating the change visionIn order to communicate the change vision, the chairwoman developed an openway communication in which all staff and bankers could directly argue with her.e.Empowering broad-based actionsThe SEC critically trained their staff to become certified fraud examiners. The organisation was restructured by removing the all layer of management sending those to the frontline putting thousand staff to different focus groups such as corrupt foreign practices, insider trading, market manipulation and structured products. In addition, the SEC also set rules for everywhere the counter and asset backed securities, hedge funds and examination program.f.Generate short- term winsMonetary reward and uninjured avenue were offered to whistle blower as a way to encourage people to detect securities violation as part of the change program. Fine was charged to financial institution (Goldman Sachs) due to misleading investor mortgage securities.g.Consoli dating gains and producing more changeh.Anchor new approaches in the futureThe change within the SEC was continually anchored for several(prenominal) years after the change commenced.

Reflection of Daily Nutrition Intake Essay Example for Free

Reflection of Daily Nutrition In conduce EssayHypothesisMy daily thermic intake is anticipated to be higher than the recommended margin of carbohydrates, lipids and sodium however, it is expected to be lower than the recommended allowance for proteins, minerals, and vitamins.ResearchIn the United States, people use almost their entire food budget on processed foods which often have been treated with chemicals after being harvested or butchered. These chemicals ar additives and preservatives which be substances think to change the food before it is purchased by customers. Additives can be flavorings that enhance the foods taste, dyes that alter the color, and dietary additives, such(prenominal) as vitamins, minerals, lusciousty acids and other supplements. Preservatives are used to extend a products shelf life by preventing bacterial or fungal growth, oxidation (which can lead to the discoloration or rancidity), or inhibiting the raw(a) ripening of fruits and vegetables. P ackaging is considered an Indirect Food Additive because it can add substances to the food it protects. A general preservative in the food that I eat is called propionic acid, which prevents mold in bread. Also, most processed foods bank on additives to restore the flavor that is lost in processing or create new flavors altogether.For display case McDonalds chicken products like Chicken McNuggets add chicken flavor. A food additive is considered fit for kind-hearted consumption after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves it. However, this decision can prove to be unworthy because when certain chemicals are added to processed food products, nearly of these food and color additives provoke an allergic answer or other critical health problems. For example, monosodium glutamate (MSG) causes headaches, nausea, weakness, difficulty breathing, drowsiness, rapid heartbeat, and chest pain. This can be avoided because it is call for for all of the ingredients to be listed on the food label. Unfortunately, additives and preservatives are often unclear as to what they include. Saturated fat is found in foods from animals and certain types of plants. Foods from animals include beef, lamb, pork, lard, poultry fat, and other dairy products made from milk. Foods from plants that contain staring(a) fat include coconut, tropical oils, and cocoa butter.Two types of unsaturated fat are polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats. They are found mostly in fish, nuts, seeds and oils from assorted plants. Trans-fatty acids are found in underage amounts in mixed animal products such as beef, pork, lamb and the butterfat in butter and milk. Both polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats are considered to be good because they may help lower ones blood cholesterol level when successor saturated and trans fats. Unsaturated fatty acids are found in two different types cis and trans. These terms affect to the hydrogen atoms physical positioning around the carbon chain. The cis form is more common than the trans form. In some studies hydrogenated fats, or trans fats, mostly raised the total LDL cholesterol level and lower the HDL cholesterol levels. This could result in the heightened risk of heart disease.Essential Vitamins and Minerals are often called micronutrients because only a small portion is needed to live a healthy lifestyle. Without these micronutrients one is almost guaranteed to become infected with a disease like scurvy, blindness or rickets. Although they are two considered micronutrients, vitamins and minerals differ in basic ways. Vitamins are organic and can be broken down by heat, air, or acid. Minerals on the other exceed are inorganic and hold on to their chemical structure. Essential Vitamins include Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble Vitamins. The water-soluble vitamins are B and C and the fat-Soluble Vitamins are A, D, E, and K. The fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K. Firstly, Vitamin A is vital for good vision, preven ts night blindness, keeps mucous membranes healthy and is necessary for healthy skin and hair growth. Next, Vitamin D is found in foods obtained from the sun.It helps bones use the mineral calcium to work strong bones and it prevents rickets. Also, Vitamin E helps breakdown polyunsaturated fats. It is an antioxidant that protects blood cell membranes from in any case much oxygen. Finally the fat-soluble Vitamin K is native for the clotting of blood. It can be found in foods or produced in bacteria in the small intestines. The water-soluble vitamins are B and C. C is the most renowned vitamin, and is also referred to as ascorbic acid. It helps form collagen, grow and repair body tissue and blood vessels, and prevent scurvy. However, as well much Vitamin C can lead to the creation of Kidney stones and the breakdown of red blood cells.Vitamin B is abstruse and has several different types such as B1 (Thiamine), B2 (Riboflavin), Naicin, B6, B12, and Folacin. amino Acids are organic compounds. They are the monomers of proteins and consist of both an amino group group and a carboxyl group. The human body is unable to synthesize certain amino acids called essential amino acids, the human body can synthesize all of the amino acids necessary to build proteins except for the ten called the essential amino acids.(Nave 1) For example, some of the essential amino acids are Leucine(leu) and Phenylalanine.ConclusionMy venture was correct because as I cataloged my daily nutritional intake I found that the recommended allowance of carbohydrates, lipids and sodium is lower than what I eat and the recommended allowance for proteins, minerals, and vitamins is higher than what I eat. I am supposed to take in approximately 2000 calories a day and, on average, I only eat 900 calories a day. As I reflect on my daily nutritional intake I realize that in stray to have a completely healthy lifestyle I must have more essential vitamins and minerals as well as proteins in my diet.W orks CitedAmerican nervus Association . Cholesterol. www.heart.org. American Heart Association , n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. http//www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/Cholesterol_UCM_001089_SubHomePage.jsp. Helpguide helps you help yourself and others. Helpguide helps you help yourself and others. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. http//www.helpguide.org/index.htm. Nave, R. Essential Amino Acids. Essential Amino Acids. University of Arizonas Biology Project , n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/organic/essam.html. Sustainable Table. Food Additives, food additives pose threat The Issues

Comparisons of Bill Gates and Steve Jobs Essay Example for Free

Comparisons of placard Gates and Steve Jobs Es utterI think the decisions of some(prenominal) Bill Gates and Steve Jobs were unethical and wrong. To start with, they were both drop step ups of college. Bill Gates was a drop out of Harvard University and Steve Jobs dropped out of Berkley University. Steve Jobs was adopted where as Bill Gates had his pilot program family. Steve Jobs was a very odd man, to say the least. He was a hippie in the early days of his life. He did drugs such as acid. Bill Gates was a very plain boring somebody. He loved to play poker and was a very wreck less person in his actions. Steve Jobs did non develop the original ideas of Apple instead, Steve Wazniack was the original inventor of the Apple Computer. Both Bill Gates and Steve Jobs went to MITS wanting to test out the Altair, the owner of MITS gave both Steve and Bill a Altair unit, Bill had to talk the owner into giving him one though because Bill wanted a $4,000 signing bonus.Bill Gates goes t o IBM and offers to license them an operating system called DOS, little did IBM know that they did not even have it yet, IBM is willing to buy a license to DOS. Therefore, Bill Gates buys DOS from a Seattle worker for $50,000 when the worker hears that he is willing to give him $50,000 dollars, his jaw hits the floor, and he sells it right away. Steve Jobs is a hulk jerk to his employees. He makes them work 90 hours weeks, screams, and yells when they do not accomplish a huge task on a small deadline.He made an employee so mad one time that the employee jumped up and slammed Jobs face off the wall. Bill gates on the other hand, is a very caring person when it comes to his employees, he is afraid to over work them and gives them lots of vacation time. Both men are espouse and have children. Steve Jobs tried to deny that he was the father of his first-born daughter Lisa. The Apple Lisa was named so because of her.

Presidential Voting Essay Example for Free

Presidential Voting EssayThe coming presidential election may be seen as a great political turning point for the country as the freshest ideologies are being oblige by the enkindledidates. However, even though that there are two major choices for the presidency, my personal alignment to Hillary Clintons disposition is truly evident. I really do think that she has much potential being a woman president that go forth serve as the ultimate caring and nurturing model for the whole ground instead of having a stiff and rigid type of governance. One very basic attribute of Clinton which I very much like is the fact that she is a woman. In my observation, women leaders tend to be more compassionate towards the members of their jurisdiction. They are more fan out to suggestions of the general public therefore making them more impartial in under geting the true sentiment of the population. Just like a nurturing and caring mother, her stand nearly education is very evident that she is for the crucial benefit of the children which are seen as the basic foundation of the nightclubs future.With her invent to recruit more competitive teachers and increasing their salaries, she will build a conjunctive towards how the right plan of governance should be implemented to affect even the youngest population of her generation. Although Obama, her crucial competitor, also have a good sentiment about public education, her approach towards targeting a surplus for teachers would be more effective instead of making public education more available without any name for quality as what Obama plans to initiate if elected.Another candidate platform that I like about Clinton is her stand towards the issues related to national security and peace and order. She is very much supportive of capital punishment which is seen to greatly affect the development of a stringent form of law order. On the other hand, her stand towards closedown the war on Iraq is very firm. Although she su pports the withdrawal of U. S. troops in Iraq, she has devised a three step plan to help the latter become stable with the aid of a high level U. N. peace broker.She has a very good 60 day time frame of plans in executing this crucial overseas policy development which is in direct contrast with Obamas very vague term of creditworthy ending the war in Iraq. On the aspect of finance, tax and budget issues, Clinton fully supports the idea of full-grown out a fair and balanced tax impositions to the different levels of social structures. She believes that in order to puff the tax collection more efficient without sacrificing the populations ability to have a properly lifestyle, there should be a maximized proportion of how much taxes are to be collected.For example, those who earn higher incomes can be subjected to adjusted taxes in order to fund wellness reforms. On the other hand, the middles class earners as well as the poor will be provided with tax credits and incentives. Moreo ver, she plans to provide tax deductions for 3rd education. For Clintons platform about healthcare, she is supporting the coverage of all Americans to get affordable and credible health care plans. If elected, she will make sure that each and every individual will be mandatory to have a health plan.This will dramatically change the big picture of insurance policies that will generate more opportunities for people to avail lower costs of health services. Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama both have a very solid standpoint towards the issues pertaining to social development. Actually, they seem to have very common priorities in lead a country. However, the main advantage of Clinton is her appealing projection towards the public as being a woman. Caring, nurturing, non-biased and open minded. These attributes are true significant conditions for her to be voted.

Prewriting Assignment Essay Example for Free

Prewriting Assign cosmospowert EssayTimes I Saw an Adult cryI. I was very young when I first proverb an adult cry. I did non truly see an adult cry in person I saw it on television receiver. N startheless, it was the first beat I have seen an adult shed tears. That night, I was at home with the babysitter when my mother leftover to run some errands. I remember that the babysitter tucked me to my bed early and I promptly fell asleep. After some time, I was awakened by the sounds of people talking. It was rather blasting, and I could collect the voices of a homosexual and a womanhood in conversation. Out of curiosity, I got step up of bed and undefendable the bedroom door. At first, I thought that maybe the babysitter had some company.So I guardedly walked downstairs to the den, where the babysitter usu totall(a)yy stays. I took a peek and found her alone. The sounds I heard came from the television she was only watching a movie. I remember that it was an old movi e, as it was in black and white. To my surprise, the woman in the movie began to cry. I was surprised because I have never seen the adults in my house cry. I thought crying were only for babies and young children. After that, I learned that adults can also cry.II. When I was younger, my family and I were on a pathway trip. The trip was generally smooth, until my father decided to take a short cut. He was driving the motorcar, and he turned left to a narrow dirt road. It proven to be a wrong decision the road led to a cemetery, where a burial was taking place. The width of the road made it difficult to pass through, but the parked cars on both sides of the road made it more problematic. The traffic caused my father to drive slowly, allowing me to witness the burial. I saw all of the mourners all of them were dressed in black. However, a man stood out in the crowd out of his sheer size.As a child, I was terrified of bald, compact men. They all seemed intimidating to me. The man in the cemetery was tall, stocky and bald. Because he appeared intimidating, I did non expect him to cry in the burial. I was not used to see men cry, especially those of his size. I was expecting him to be simply serious but not emotional. Besides, it was said that men do not cry. As we drove past the cemetery, I caught a glimpse of him pulling out a handkerchief and wiping his eyes. He was indeed crying. I contemplated that maybe the grief over the loss of a hunchd one may have been too much to bear, that it prompted a seemingly intimidating man to cry.III. Our next door neighbor was a woman with dickens children. The woman had fair skin and mordant curly hair. She was remarkably thin and was rarely seen at home. My mother said that she worked two jobs so she could break the rent and feed her children. I always liked her because whenever she was around, she would make a face at me and her eyes would seem to smile too. She had those distinct smiling eyes. One day, my mother an d I went out of the house as we were hearing loud noises from her home.We saw this tall man coming out of her house, dragging the children with him. She was screaming while grabbing on to the mans arm. She tried to stop him, but her small frame was no match to the mans physique. The children were shouting for their mother as the man dragged them into the car. The man immediately hopped in the drivers seat, unappealing the door, and drove away. The woman just stood there in the street, her eyes still fixed on the car that just disappeared. A minute later, she bowed her head and covered her face with her hands. Then she began to cry. Her cries became louder, and soon all our neighbors were already watching her. I later found out that the man was her former husband and her childrens father. She worked so hard to take care of her children, only for them to be taken away from her. I never saw her smiling eyes again. She soon moved out. I believe it was after that incident when I truly b egan to have respect for single mothers who work hard to take care of their kids.IV. I am used to witnessing marriage proposals on television. I have seen programs wherein the men would go down on one knee and the woman would then gasp in shock, cover their mouths with their hands and become motionless for a few seconds. Afterwards, they would become hysterical in glee. In the past, I thought that such moments were too emotional. My spirit changed when I witnessed a marriage proposal firsthand. I was in a coffee shop with a friend when a couple entered. They looked like the average couple nothing seemed extraordinary about the two of them.The woman took her seat, while the man went to the counter to order. I did not pay them much attention afterwards. It was not until much later when I realized they were deaf-mute, when I noticed that they were using sign language. I did not expect a proposal to occur, not in a coffee shop. So when I saw the man go down on one knee, I was taken aba ck. My friend and I watched closely, on with the other customers, as the woman nodded and hugged his future husband. As the people in the shop cheered, tears were be adrift down her face. Unlike other women, she did not overreact. She was just happy, and her tears showed it. I guess true love does make people happy, and the happiness does not have to be showy to be expressed.V. One time, I had the chance to watch The Oprah Winfrey Show. I can remember that the episode featured a middle-aged black woman who took care of many children. I cannot recall if she was married, but I know she had three children. When the womans siblings died, she took the responsibility of raising them as well. She and the children had to cram themselves in a small three-bedroom house. She worked several jobs to living these kids, most of which are not even her own. The problem was that the home was not hers and if she did not pay a certain amount within the specified time, they would be evicted. The wom an and the children were invited to the show where they were to receive gifts from Oprah.They were given things they mandatory they received new beds, kitchen appliances, and even a van. However, the biggest surprise of all was when Oprah announced that they would be shopping for a new home. The woman hugged Oprah tight, and wiped the tears running down her face. I knew the woman was happy because of all the sensible things she received. Most importantly, I know those tears were of gratitude. It was not the material things per se that she was grateful for she was thankful for the suspensor that those things could offer her and the children. I knew she deserved those things for all her dedication and hard work. Still, she was very grateful.

Limitations of the balanced scorecard Essay Example for Free

Limitations of the balanced bill tryAs any other caution innovation the balanced bill faces certain challenges as it get to break away from traditional approaches of management. For one it is difficult to implement a balanced scorecard musical arrangement in large organizations such as Intel as it requires solvating for support from fellow mangers. Additionally, commitment and cooperation from project managers is extreme to the success of comprehensive balanced scorecard. This process is both epochs consuming and tedious.More to that, resistance from managers callable to and fear of the unknown is also a challenge to implementing a balance scorecard, thus, top-level managers may be opposed to give adequate funding to implement a balanced scorecard management system. However disrespect the challenges associate with implementing balanced scorecards the eudaemonias derived be worth the effort of trying. A balanced scorecard can read strategic objectives to flow logica l resources of performances.This give ensure that the organization efforts are aligned with mission statements and the employees investors and customers unavoidably are catered for. The first requirement in designing a balanced scorecard is detailing the objectives of the come with depending on what is desired at the given moment. .( Bain Company, 2002, Stewart, 2000) These objectives should be in view of the how the customers see Intel, what Intel focuses to excel at, how the association may continue to be innovative in creating value, and how the social club intends to change the shareholder perspective of the political party (Dickinson, 2003).The second step in designing the balanced scorecard is to describe the strategy that Intel wants to implement grade better manage the intangible assets of the fellowship or ensure that quality products are supplied to customers in time and in right quantities. The other step is to align the internal processes of the organization wit h strategy. In this case, we will be looking at what the company can excel in or what it is good at and benefit in it while pulling efforts to low performing processes. The next step will be to delegate duties to every individual job.Positive impacts of BSC According to the survey conducted by Bain Consulting Company, companies that implement a balanced scorecard in their management system reported higher assets turnover, reduction in indebtedness, elevated margins as easily as high inventory turnover (Oorschot, 2002, Norton, 2001). Since balanced scorecards clarify organizations strategies to individuals in the organization, employees at Intel will be more inclined and committed to achieving the goals hence translating to higher profit margins for Intel.Moreover, Intel will be in a position to track fiscal loopholes within the organization and develop measures to seal the loopholes. This in turn will egest to reduced debts and better allocations of funds. Scorecards provide imm ediate feedback to managers who measure the performance outcome against visions and missions set. By adopting a balanced scorecard, Intel will be in a position to improve its strategies periodically following periodic review that balance scorecards provider.Implementing a balanced scorecard at Intel will ensure that attention is evenly accorded to other issues, save financial ones, such as human issues, and provide metrics that force the company to act for the greater good of the company. In the end, success for the company is guaranteed. The balance scorecard institute puts the major retainer of designing and implementing a balance scorecard into perspective by saying, A major consideration in performance improvement involves the creation and use of performance measures or indicators.Performance measures or indicators are measurable characteristics of products, services, processes, and operations the company uses to track and improve performance. The measures or indicators shoul d be selected to best represent the factors that lead to improved customer, operational, and financial performance. A comprehensive set of measures or indicators tied to customer and/or company performance requirements represents a clear basis for aligning all activities with the companys goals.Through the analysis of data from the track processes, the measures or indicators themselves may be evaluated and changed to better support such goals. (Arveson, 1998) Balanced scorecards are performance management tools and Intel Company could benefit from measuring the performance of the company now and in future. Unlike before, where it was not assertable to gauge the health of the business, and thereby not know the future standing of the business, implementing a balanced scorecard will ensure that indicators point out whether the company is headed for and develop mitigation efforts to prevent this.Another benefit of a balanced score cared is that its use is compatible with other existi ng management systems. EVA, SVA, EFQM, IAM and Business uprightness model, can be linked to balanced scorecards. If the management feels uneasy to drop all the other financial measures. Normally balanced scorecard is at the center of the management systems since it s easy to use mechanism.

The Patchwork of Reality and Fiction in Tim O’brien’s the Things They Carried Essay Example for Free

The patchwork quilt of Reality and Fiction in Tim Obriens the Things They Carried EssayThe Patchwork of Reality and Fiction in Tim OBriens The Things They Carried Tim O Brien, in his recent fictional horizontal surface The Things They Carried, illustrates the struggle to unravel and grasp ambiguities of the war in the most unusual way, by understanding it with the minds eye. He resolutely transgressed the boundary between fiction and reality, and struggles to demonstrate that the illusory attribute can frequently be more real, particularly in the events leading to the Vietnam War, than reality itself. Communicating the invite of ambiguity of an ordinary sol strangler about what really took place in Vietnam by narrating the imagined domain as though it is the real work, and afterwards challenging these realities once more, can be viewed as a exit of the poignant and disturbing statements American soldiers use to express their own doubt about what took place in Vietnam. They d rew on these expressions to transform the inexpressible and horrifying and ambiguous into reality. Likewise, OBrien narrates tales and realities that are merely fleetingly defined and factual.In the section Notes, OBrien illustrated the process of merging illusion and reality (OBrien 1990, 152) By telling stories, you depersonalise you own experience. You separate it from yourself. You pin down certain truths. You make up others. You start sometimes with an mishap that truly happened, like the night in the shit field, and you carry it forward by inventing incidents that did not in fact occur but that nonetheless help to clarify and explain. In the above passage, OBrien shows that impossibleness of fill outing exactly what took place.He urges his readers to become aware of the events in the Vietnam War that they do not know and perhaps will never be aware of. The Things They Carried brings the readers to the Vietnam War through the authors webs of narratives. OBrien informs us th at we will never truly know what exactly happened in Vietnam. And the realities of the Vietnam War will die alongside the people who experienced the real and unreal. References OBrien, T. The Things They Carried. New York Mariner Books, 1990.

Human Nature Essay Example for Free

Human Nature Essay later recital Mencius attempt Mans Nature is proper and Hsun Tzus essay Mans Nature is Evil It made me visualize that manpower be shaped by finger. People are born with a sporting mind with a desire of some knowledge. Much of what we learn affects our behavior. Throughout our life, learns have been shaping what we are. Both Mencius and Tzu believe the complete(a) opposite, arguing that men are born with a character of cosmos good or vicious.By reading these articles Ive come to assume that people are born neither good nor evil instead both of these are obtained through the filling of our mind with gravels and all this together has influenced what we become. Hsun Tzus possibleness about how human nature is inherently evil and Mencius about how we are good caught my attention, because it made me realize that man substructure go either direction. Even though I dont deem with either of them entirely, they opened my mind about how nature can turn one way or another. People are not born inherently good because if thats the case then all society would have to be good and would not bother with problems like violence and other pell-mell scenarios.To go into a good pathway, people must be straightened by mentors. Like Tzu uses on his essay A warp piece of wood must wait until it has been laid against the straightening board, steamed, and forced into shape earlier it can become straight a piece of blunt metal must wait until it has been whetted on a grindstone before it can become sharp (101). Family, schools, and religion are a fair way to obtain this goodness. For example these three sources have taught us since childhood to be respectful.This is the kind of experiences one has to attend in order to be good. Family has taught us to have good manners in that locationfore they work as our mentors. It is just your choice whether to implement these experiences of being good into your life or to go by the experience you been having with the wrong people. People arent born evil either. Instead people learn this through experience as well. For example traumatic experience and experiencing poor family conditions can make a child into a delinquent.Mencius said that If you plant the seeds carefully at the same time and in the same place, theyll all photograph and grow ripe by summer solstice. If they dont grow the same- its because of the inequities in comprehensiveness of soil, amounts of rainfall, or the care given to them by farmers. And so, all members belonging to a given species of thing are the same (97). In this metaphor Mencius is trying to say that if you are placed in a diametric habitat where you learn from the outsiders, you are grown by the influence of them, which in his opinion is evil.I be this to be true nevertheless also I want to add that it is not always evil, it can be for the good of somebodies development. Being with the family can be good however sometimes we experience inharmonious parenting or poor parenting where it affects our development. Sometimes people cant avoid these kinds of experiences but others like being with friends and acting up to their level of immaturity can be avoided. It is up to the experiences youve had that will form into what you become. After going through both essays my mind is set into these ideas.People are born with a blank mind but also we can change after what become of us, either it is for the good or for the evil. Peers have much to do with a persons behavior. As friends you major power have the mental picture of just fitting in, having to change your manners to feel part of the group. It depends much on our surroundings this is what triggers our headland to learn from others and development starts operating. Society is an important factor to our development because it is that, what forms our way of living and thinking. People might not like society because they dont agree with something cultural or religious but whatever t he circumstances are they still are triggered by it.At last, my beliefs are now more explained and understood after going through the readings. These articles influenced me to the point that I now believe human nature starts as a blank mind which means we are born without any knowledge and habits. This is when experience comes in. Through our experience with everything around us we become what we are.Our experience since childhood has a great sham in what we are in other words most of our nature comes from family. Nevertheless, I dont mean that everyone is shaped from their parents, what I mean is that there are other sources from experience out there that shapes our development (nature). It is your choice to either keep following those experiences, whether the good or the evil, but any how prove is what will define what you become. Works Cited Austin, Michael, ed. Reading the World Ideas that Matter. New York Norton. 2010. Print. Mencius Mans Nature is Good. Austin 94-98 Tzu, Hs un Mans Nature is Evil.

Mistakes and Failures of a Business Essay Example for Free

Mistakes and Failures of a telephone circuit EssaySmall and large business divulges because they take risk to many risks in what they do. Lots of propagation it is the employees that make or break a business or the owner of the business, which makes a business bomb. The expressive style they fix the problem is to ask the employees what they are looking to get out of the business and what they like to wait on done with the business these way owners and employees can work together as a team and not make mistakes and failures in the next years to come. Lots of business blindly trust employees witch path that the worker can take from the business or have problems with others they work with from day to day. The employee will own his/her boss mix singles on the task at hand and with that the business will fail and lose profits as well there income or overheard will be lost. The biggest failure of a business is employee time theft this cost the business money and time witch can fail a business and is a big mistake the business misses every day. As stated by go4funding. com every single day, many businesses fail for numerous reasons.According to the United States Small Business tribunal (SBA), approximately 90% of all small enterprises fail within the first two years of operation, in general because many entrepreneurs lack the basic knowledge and experience in handling the challenges of their company in its initial stages. The following are several common problems that are encountered during this vital preliminary phase. Business owners should be intercommunicate about these issues and work diligently to address them in order to avoid failure.

School As Organizations Essay Example for Free

School As Organizations Essay1. Primary schoolhouses Primary Schools are for children aged 4 to 11 yrs. The subjects to be taught at primary(a) schools are specified by the National Curriculum, the pupils tested on SATs at year 2(age 7) which is known KS1 and year 6(age 11) which is known as KS2. The subjects to be taught are English, Mathematics and Science. Other subjects, including History, Geography, Technology, Music, Art and somatic Education (PE) are also taught. The first category in primary school is called the Reception class which is known as Foundation Stage (F2). 2.Secondary Schools Secondary Schools are for children aged 11 to 16. call down secondary schools must follow the National Curriculum and they assessed the children at depict Stage 3 (age 14) and Key Stage 4 (age 16) which is known as (GCSE). 3. Private (Independent Schools) which is also known as Public Schools, they foolt have to follow the national curriculum. They need to pay the school fees as there is no funded from the government. All private schools must be registered with the government and are inspected regularly. There is a private school which is specialist in teaching (special education needs).4. Community Schools is a type of state-funded school in which the local anaesthetic education authority (LEA) employs the schools stave. The LEA employs the staffs, own the land and buildings as well as put the rules for admission. 5. believe or Foundation Schools Foundation schools are run by a governing body which employs the staff and sets the entrance criteria. Land and buildings are owned either by the governing body or by a charitable foundation. Trust schools are similar, but are run together with an outside body, usually a business or charity, which has formed an educational trust. 1.

A Review Of Acheson Report Health Essay

A Review Of Acheson Report wellness EssayThe inform in like manner calls for more funding vex to schools in deprived areas, transgress nutrition and the conceit of wellness-promoting schools. Benefit levels for providing nutritional meals to children should be increased and food should be more affordable for fulfilling nutritional needs of children.The propound alike focuses on smoking and drinking problems rede for restrictions on smoking in macrocosm places, a ban on tobacco advertising and promotion, intensity educational initiatives, increases in the price of tobacco and the prescriptions for nicotine replacement therapy. The Acheson bill also suggests close links amidst wellness and mortality rates.The Acheson report has been instrumental in shaping, directing and implementing several changes in the NHS health insurance. some(prenominal) studies and research reports have been published on the impact and influence of the Acheson report on changes within health bu rster policy. The Acheson report identified three crucial areas on social gradient and health inequalities and suggested thata high precedence should be given to the health of families with children all policies likely to have an impact on health should be evaluated in terms of their impact on health inequalities steps should be taken to reduce income inequalities and improve the living standards of poor households.The Acheson Report and UK Health PoliciesThe Acheson Report 1998, an Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health was similar to the Black Report 1980 and ignore be canvassed as a Department of Health review of the evidence on inequalities in health in England.The Department of Health has responded to the Acheson report by taking an official course of action. The Department of Health mentions that tackling health inequalities is a top priority for the Government, and is gist on narrowing the health gap between deprived groups, communities and the rest of the coun try, and on improving health overall.The strategy for addressing this problems is published in, Tackling Health Inequalities A Programme for implement that lays the foundations for meeting the Governments target to reduce the health gap on infant mortality and life expectancy by 2010.A programme for action intromit a three- division plan for tackling health inequalities and to help topical anaesthetic organisations improve the way services are delivered to disadvantaged groups.The programme for action in response to the Acheson report is based onSupporting families, mothers and children Engaging Communities and Individuals Preventing infirmity and providing Effective treatment and Care Addressing the underlying determinants of healthThe Acheson report suggests that socioeconomic inequalities in health and foresight of life have been found in England for many age and there have been data identifying differences in longevity by ones socioeconomic position. Inequalities of healt h are measured in terms of mortality, life expectancy or health consideration and could be categorised by socioeconomic status, ethnic group or gender.The Acheson report suggested that there are differences in the health status of mothers, babies, deal of lower socioeconomic status and the great unwashed who smoke or drink heavily. The report definitely shows that death rates are locomote in England and the rates have fallen since 1896.Thus life expectancy seems to have risen in the last few years although healthy life expectancy has not been rising. In incident the analogy of people with long standing illness has risen from 15 percent to 22 percent (Acheson Report, 1998).The Acheson report thus gave new insights on health policies and identified issues that contribute to an increased rate of mortality and realizable ill health. It identified several socioeconomic determinants including income distribution and household below average income, education, employment, housing, hom elessness, public sector, institutionalise and health related behaviour.Following the report, the Choosing Health White Paper given by the Department of Health come outs out the key principles for supporting the public to make healthier and more informed choices in regards to their health. done the musical theme, the Government has provided information and practical support to get people do and improve emotional well-being and also provide access to services to throw out people to make healthy choices.The government has also drawn up a food and health action plan that focuses on the ways that better health can be achieved through better nutrition at all stages of life and for distinguishable groups in society, recognising and addressing different needs, particularly those of disadvantaged groups (Choosing Health, DH, 2004). The government has also set up the Health expediency Plan and a new NHS plan for tackling health inequalities81% of people in higher socio-economic group s consider themselves to be in good health now, compared with 61% of people in the lowest groups 76% of people in the higher groups expect to be in good health in 10 years time, compared to 53% of people in the lowest groups (DH, 2004).Putting forward the NHS improvement plan, the Government reiterated the NHS commitment that the NHS is motivated to prevent ailment and improve health in general. The Government policies are focused on the fact that inequalities in health cannot be accepted and the fundamental objective is to create healthier choices for disadvantaged groups.The NHS melioration plan was laid down in 2004 to not only counter health inequalities but also provide better quality of parcel out to patients and provide safer and more effective treatment. The NHS Improvement Plan set out modernisation and health plans putting patients and service users first through more person-to-personised sympathize with a focus on the whole of health and well-being, not only illness and further degeneration of decision-making to local organisations. (DH, 2004)According to the Government report and Action Plan laid out in thence Choosing Health White paper the nutritional priorities were given as followsincrease in the average usance of a variety of harvest-home and vegetables increase in the average brainchild of dietary fibre to 18 grams per day minify average intake of salt to 6 grams per dayreduce average intake of saturated fat maintaining the current trends in reducing average intake of total fat reducing the average intake of added sugar (Choosing Health White paper, 2004)The Government took several steps to ensure that the recommendations of the Acheson report is considered for any further changes within the NHS. Accordingly major steps have been taken to ensure consumer ken on the consumption of healthy foods and phylogenesis of good food habits. Reducing the proportion of fat, salt in the diet has been recommended and retailers and caterers have been asked introduce healthier range of foods and offer such foods in convenient stores, centre locations and in remote areas of the city.In a plan to tackle health inequalities, the Government has focused on many plans including Offer people personal health plans with support from the NHS.Recruit NHS health trainers to provide advice and support for people to develop their personal health plans.Provide services in the areas of highest need.Offer disabled people the option of taking up a health check. (DH, 2004)Considering the Acheson report on the exaggerated problems of health care among pregnant women and children, the government has also provided eligible pregnant women with vouchers that can be exchanged for fresh fruit and vegetables, milk and infant formula through a new scheme called reasoned Start.A surely Start scheme is also in place for providing training, guidance and support for early years to children. Practitioners encourage changes in parental behaviour and impro ve the social and emotional development and physical health of children in the early years. Community Parental Support Projects are also in place that involves training of mastermind workers in 500 communities.Healthy Schools programmes are encouraged to target deprived schools including Pupil Referral Units. The Government has promoted the concept of healthy schools by 2006, working towards a healthy school status by 2009.The concept of Healthy schools, Sure Start and the Concept for providing Parental Support as well as providing people with personal health plans are some of the steps that the government has taken to ensure the promotion of health. Some of the objectives of the Action Plan have been given as follows. Following the Acheson report, the government focus has shifted from the one aimed to meet internal targets to a different approach that could be given as followsstandards are the main driver for unceasing improvements in quality there are fewer national targets the re is greater scope for addressing local priorities incentives are in place to support the system and all organisations locally play their part in service modernisation. (Care Standards Planning Framework, 2004).Research StudiesWe discuss several studies which deal with the Acheson report. Oliver and Nutbeam (2003) point out that health inequalities has been considered earnestly for an approach to improve health care and government policies have been developed to explicitly address quick health inequalities that has become an important issue since Labour has returned to power in 1997.The development of health inequalities policies, have been critically examined to assess how such policies could or should be developed. The authors point out that progress in the development of health inequality policies has been made although the progress is less than expected or ideal.Kisely and Jones (1997) have written on the issues of public health ten years afterward the Acheson report. They p oint out that the issue of communicable disease control and the role of public health medicine is of considerable concern in the light of outbreaks and NHS reorganisations. The Acheson report seems to have highlighted several issues in this regard. Yet as Kisely and Jones the Reports findings have yet to be fully implemented.The paper calls for a further review of public health function and should include the removal of the specialty from management costs, and the clarification standardisation of the roles of the Director of Public Health (DPH), CPHM and other members of the multi-disciplinary public health team (Kisely and Jones, 1997). achievable organisational implications for a public health approach have also been suggested.Tarlov (1999) has delineated four conceptual frameworks providing the bases for constructing public policy strategies for improving state health and this include (1) Determinants of population health. (2) Complex systems (3) An intervention framework for population health improvement. (4) Public policy development process with two phases of public consensus and policy action.The Acheson report can be judged in this context and has provided both a consensus and a policy framework.Back to Essay Examples inferenceThe research studies and analysis of the Acheson report suggests that the 1998 Acheson report has been extremely influential in shaping Health care policies in the UK and reducing inequalities in health.BibliographyPrimary health care in Londonchanges since the Acheson report. BMJ. 1992 Nov 7305(6862)1130-3.Tarlov AR. Public policy frameworks for improving population health. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999896281-93.Blane D. Health inequality and public policy one year on from the Acheson report. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999 Dec53(12)748.Williams A. Commentary on the Acheson report. Health Econ. 1999 Jun8(4)297-9.Barnes R, Scott-Samuel A. The Acheson report beyond parenthood and apple pie? J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999 Jun5 3(6)322-3.Spencer NJ. The Acheson report challenges for the College. Arch Dis Child. 1999 Jun80(6)576-8.Better benefits for health plan to implement the primaeval recommendation of the Acheson report. BMJ. 1999 Mar 13318(7185)724-7.Acheson D. Inequalities in health. Report on inequalities in health did give priority for steps to be tackled. BMJ. 1998 Dec 12317(7173)1659.Oliver A, Nutbeam D. Addressing health inequalities in the United Kingdom a outcome study. J Public Health Med. 2003 Dec25(4)281-7.Kisely S, Jones J. Acheson revisited public health medicine ten years after the Acheson Report. Public Health. 1997 Nov111(6)361-4.Choosing Health White Paper, DH, 2004NHS Plan, DH publication 2004Acheson Report, DH publication, 1998Inequalities in health, DH publication 1998NHS Improvement Plan, 2004

Elasticity Of Demand And Economics Decision Making Economics Essay

Elasticity Of inquire And Economics Decision Making Economics EssayExtent or degree to which a bring or supply curve reacts to the channelize in expenditure is c whollyed elasticity of that curve. This nature of curve varies with distinct nature of products means if a product is essential then change in price does not effect much on gather up. On the separate hand less essential product argon quite sensitive to the price changes beca theatrical role opportunity cost of buying those product be abide by too high.A good or utility is said to be highly elastic if slight change in price leads to a sharp changes in measuring rod demanded or supplied. in that location argon lots of products in the martplace which are not needed in our routine life. And a good or usefulness is said to be highly inelastic if changes in price doesnt effect much on the quantity demanded or supplied. These are those product or services which are very(prenominal) much essential to our unremarkable life. toll Elasticity of DemandIt is defined as the contribution change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in price for a particular product or service. Demand is said to be elastic if change in price leads to a higher change in demand, in that baptismal font Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) would be more than whizz i.e PED 1P PDDElastic demand PED1 Q Perfectly Elastic QGoods which comes beneath elastic category tend to progress to following characteristicsThey are luxury goods.They are very expensive interchangeable sports cars.Goods bought frequently.Goods with many substitutes in securities industry.Price Inelasticity of DemandDemand is said to be inelastic if the percentage change in price doesnt be active much on the demand of a product i.e. PED P PInelastic demand PEDGoods which come under inelastic category tend to have following characteristicsThey are necessities.People are use to them means they are addictives like wine cigarettes.They have no or very few substitutes like petrol.They cost a small percentage of income and bought infrequently.In the short demand is usually more inelastic because it takes period to find alternatives. We end say if the price of chocolate increased demand would be inelastic as thither is no alternatives, however if the price of mercury increased on that even are fill substitutes in the form of other chocolates. Therefore demand would be more elastic.In broad thither are three factors influencing the demands price elasticityThe availability of substitutes This is the most important factor influencing the elasticity of a good or service. In general speaking more the substitutes the more elastic the demand result be.Income available to slide by on goods This factor affecting demand elasticity refers to the total a some(prenominal)one can spend on a particular good or service. Now suppose price of orange juice goes up from $2 to $3 and the income remains the selfsame(prenominal). So the income that is available to spend on orange juice which is say $12 is enough for only 4 cans rather than 6. In other words consumer is forced to reduce his demand of orange juice. So if there is increase in price and at the same time no increase in available amount for that good or service then there will be elastic reaction in demand. Therefore demand will be sensitive to a change in price if there is no change in income.Time Another important factor is time. If price of cigarettes goes up by 15%, a smoker with very few substitute start buying on daily basis rather of buying for a week or so. This suggests that tobacco is inelastic because change of price will not have a considerable influence on the quantity demanded. However if the smoker finds difficult to spend extra 15% and begins to cook rid moody smoking, the price elasticity of cigarettes for that consumer become elastic in long run.Market StructureEvery market has his own features on which it works or behaves. There are few fe atures which we should consider while determining the market structure asFirst of all we should know the awareness of consumer somewhat the market. We should know how knowledgeable our guests are.We should know how many firms are doing the same worry it tells us the extent of ambition we are supposed to face.What typeface of product we are dealing with, whether it is culmination in the category of necessary product or in the category of luxury product.Whether the entry in the market is easy or difficult and same is the case with leaving the market.Based upon these factors we decide whether the market is perfectly competitive or imperfectly competitive. In a perfectly competitive market there is no entry and exit barrier, we can enter or exit at any point of time from the market. Also in perfectly competitive market product is homogenous and there are hulking number of buyers and sellers. While in imperfectly competitive market there are very few buyers and sellers, very diffi cult to enter into and exit the market and at the same time there is monopoly of product.Market Structure of Airline IndustryMarket structure which suits to Airline Industry is oligopoly market. In this type of market there are only 2-3 firms who dominate the market. advertizement and marketing is very important in much(prenominal) type of markets. As there are very few firms, they know each other very well. They know strategies of each other. So they always consider their competitors, while making price strategies, because they save cant set the prices by themselves. They have to consider the pricing of their competitors as well. Although when one firm has a dominant position in the market the oligopoly may experience a price leadership. Firm having abase market share may forced to follow the pricing policy of dominant firm. As large amount of fixed cost is involved in this type of market so entry as well as exit is very difficult. There are basically three major theories about the oligopoly of pricing as underThese firms collaborate to charge the unique price and at the same time unique benefit.These firms compete on price so that price as well as the profit will remain same as in competitive market.These firms had the price and profit in between of perfectly competitive and monopoly markets.Market StructureSeller Entry hindranceBuyer entryBarrierNumber ofSellerNumber ofBuyersPerfect competitionNoNoManymanyOligopolyYesNoVery fewmanyMonopolyYesNoOnly onemanyTable for different market structureYield ManagementThe basic concept of yield management is to fork out right service to right person at the right price on right time. (Kimes, 1989 Weatherford and Bodily 1992). Now in case of Airline Industry we can define yield management as generating maximum gross per seat by keeping customer satisfied. We can do this by applying different policies. As in every industry, customer is very important in this industry. Customer is paying quite an amount to tug the s ervices of this type of industry. So we have to take a very good care of customer as well. We have to provide good service right from the booking of ticket to leaving get through the plane.The strategic points of yield management are four Cs namely, calendar, capacity, clock and cost and they all shrink together with some other C i.e. customer.Singapore Airlines is a corking example of this. They take a great care of their customers. They keep data of each and every passenger travel with them. They not only provide excellent service but also maintain good and caring relations with customers.Firms compete for market share and demand from customers in many ways. We differentiate these ways into two major subheads i.e. Price contender and Non-price Competition. We are considering New Zealand Airline Industry as an examplePrice CompetitionPrice competition involves increasing the demand by discounted the price. We increase our business in different ways as underWe can provide disco unted tickets in the off seasons. We can provide ticket through some arrangement like buy one ticket and get 50% discount on purchase of another(prenominal) ticket. This would definitely attract customers and at the same time would increase the revenue. Because there is no use of ephemeral with vacant seat, its better to have customers with discounted tickets.We can also start pre booking scheme especially for our off season. We can launch scheme like discount on ticket booked 1-2 months before. This would enable us to know how much customer we have in our off season and we can train our unless strategy according to that. If we still have very few bookings then we can offer some gifts, holiday package or so on booking to boom our sale. We can introduce wise packages with our tickets. We can collaborate with few hotels to provide a complete holidays package to family, newly married couples teenagers.We can provide one way free travel, means a person can pay for one way and get the ticket for return as well. This will increase the revenue and at the same time enable us to get few loyal customers.Non- Price CompetitionThis is the focus on other strategies to increase the market share. There are various strategies which comes under this category as publicizing and marketing is the major strategy which comes under this category. As there is huge investment involve in this type of industry so we want to get super normal profit out of this. Advertisement plays an important role in achieving this. We advertise and market our product or service in such a way that it put significant impact on customer.On line booking is another value added service. We can book our ticket from home and get our seat confirmed. This would help customer to make his plan well in advance and at the same time it is hassle free. This would enable them to get rid off agents as well as long queue. And apart from this it is 24 hours service.Locality razz or points given to every customer, w ho keeps on adding and customer, will get a prize on reach certain points. This enable customer to interest for his next trip from same airline.

Audi Marketing Mix Analysis

Audi marketing Mix AnalysisThe Audi history begins with a man c totallyed August Horch, and in 1899, he established the connection HORCH CO. He invented his kickoff cable automobile in 1901. But in 1909 Mr. Horch leaves his companion and founded another bon ton called Audi. Audi is the Latin translation for Horch and he took that name. In 1910, the sucker AUDI Automobilwerke GmbH was registered. In 1931, the AUTO UNION was founded some members were DKW, HORCH, WANDERER and AUDI. Moreover, the reinvigorated companies insignia to fork over the union of the four companies was the at once familiar 4 rings, that what still used by Audi today. After the 2nd world war, there were again many another(prenominal) cars produced, the close important for them were the DKW Munga, a four-wheel jeep with 3-cylinder 2-stroke engine. Invented in 1956 for the German military, there film produced 250 cars for try outing purposes. And these cars made a trip around the world and drove mu ch than 240 000 km alike with extinct major(ip) businesss. This was the beginning of the later invention called Quattro and it had nearly 57 000 Mungaswere built until 1968. In the fol upseting years, they squander many polar engine- and car types were invented and produced in striking amounts. There as well as improving, rallying and testing the first real ur-quattro with the impudently coupe body was build in 1980. And the effect has been raised to 200hp in the testing time, and around of the other car producer did with a 2.2l engine.Audi, the amount of m sensationy brand that the Audi has been foc utilize by the Audi Group in adopting its Strategy 2020 on the challenges of the upcoming. The c ar We delight nodes worldwide was explored in greater depth during 2011 where the strategy took on unfluctuatinger contours. Heightened environmental aw beness, growing uncertainty some the future availability of fossil fuels and increasing urbanization atomic number 18 the results of giving more weight to young issues that have emerged.The Mission of this company is We delight customers worldwide. The Audi brands intersection points atomic number 18 famous of the brand values sportiness, modernism and sophistication. The brand with the four rings aims to suggest customer delight in many other ways and thus set up lead to building technologically right fomites. The mission statement which is We delight customers worldwide plays a of import role on the path to becoming the lead-in first-class brand. The Audi brand has well-defined its to a turn d feature localizestanding of customer delight in greater detail in the following four aras of action. That are We define base, We create stupefys , We live responsibility and We shape Audi.In this company there have three objectives. First is to create impact and subscribe to awareness of Audi Q5 launch. Second is demonstrating Audis core value proposition of Progressive Performance. And then la st is communicate Audis prestige offering. Those three objectives is what Audi company murder in this few years. On the other hand, in this few year the Audi societys tush grocery store are predominantly males between 40-50 years old, married with a household income between $137K $265K. And women who are a expose influencer in the purchase fulfil of the Q5.Chapter 2 Analysis of Marketing Mix Strategies2.1 PRODUCT STRATEGIES2.1.1 Product sortingAudi car are enduren as the wants or desires that slight frequently bought by the consumer so Audi car is classified as luxury harvest-tide in the category of consumer convergence. Consumer increase is defined as the products and function bought by final consumers for personal consumption.Audi car is cognise as one of the well-k promptlyn car that less frequently bought by the consumers due to the harm is expensive which is within the range of RM 179,900 to RM 1250,000. Therefore, consumers allow for do a survey and planning b efore they actually want to demoralize it. Wisely consumers testament collect a lot of nurture that relevant to Audi and do price comparison with other car in the market stray with their main competitors which are BMW and Mercedes-Benz.Furthermore, Audi car is withal merchandising in high up price that seldom consumed by the consumers. It is a branded product that having mass advertisement in magazines, television and personal selling by reseller and producer in order to convince consumers to sully it and remind the consumer about their product in the market.stigmatisation faulting plays an important role in identifying the seller and buyers of Audi. It differentiates them from their competitors. Audi is design with four interlinked rings that represent one of Germanys oldest automobile manufacturers. The first ring from the left represents Audi, the second represents DKW, third is Horch, and the last ring is scouter.Its exchangeableity to the prodigious rings caused the International Olympic Committee to indict Audi in International Trademark Court in 1995. In addition, this is a simple logo and made a lot of lot to recognize and remember. With the authentic type of branding, it had brought the product identification to the consumers with its unique design. This get out not all ease the consumers to differentiate their product but also suffice to segment markets.In addition, it also symbolized the inseparable unity of the four founder-companies which are Audi, DKW, Horch and Wanderer. Each of the four companies was allocated a specific market segment within their group. DKW was responsibility for motorcycles and small cars. Wanderer built midsize cars and Audi manufactured cars in the sumptuous midsize class. Horch produced deluxe top-of-the-range automobiles. Besides, it tolerates product prime(prenominal) and consistency as the consumers know that they go forth get the same benefit, feature and quality each time they bought the Audi pro duct.LabelingLabeling are using in describing several things of the product. Audi car bequeath offer an instruction book for e truly buyer. This instruction book encompasses the information of the brand, details about the car, and instruction in how to use and control the car.PackagingAl near all of the products in the market needed packaging. Packaging is essential in term to market the brand and protect the products to retard the product is safety. Audi car usually covers the seating of new car with plastic to prevent dust will stain the cushion. Furthermore, a protective film will cover on the burst of indicator. This is to prevent the scene to be scratched. Thus, this can protect the product safety.Product Support dosProduct support operate are to enhance customer service and satisfaction by assess the value of current work and obtain idea for adding new services to delight the customers. For a new or potential customer, Audi will offer free test drive for them. This is to make sure the customer satisfy with their product. They also raise afterwards-sale services included 2 years warranty and 6 months of installment completely free after customer purchase the car to make sure the customer not just satisfy and also happy when use their product because their product performance is greater than the consumer expectation. There are many Service Centers of Audi Company in Malaysia such(prenominal) as Audi Centre Glenmarie, Audi Juru, Audi Johor Bahruand so on. These services will add up the customers satisfaction with the brand of Audi and increase in brand positioning.2.1.2 Major brand strategy decision brand PositioningThe Audi slogan is VorsprungdurchTechnik, which means the Progress by dint of Technology. Audi is using the German language tag course of instruction as many other country used it such as atomic number 63an countries and United Kingdom. Recently, Audi had updated the slogan into Truth in Engineering. Audi is place in the product benefi t because Audi automobiles want to provide the most authentic, truthful driving experience in the luxury segment through their slogan.Brand Name SelectionThe company name is base on the surname of the founder August Horch, the name itself an English similar with the English word hark, essence listen.Audi is know as the unsloped brand name selection because it can translate easily into conflicting languages and distinctive from other brands. The brand name also easy to pronounce, recognize and remember in the world.Brand SponsorshipAudi is consider as manufacturers brands that also call national brands in the brand sponsorship. This is because Audi sell their output under their own manufacturers brand names. For example, the spare parts of all the Audi car can obtain it from German Motors in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.Brand DevelopmentWe consider Audi company is using line extension strategy which means subsisting product and brand for the brand development. Line extension occur wh en a company introduced additional product in a demoten product category under the same brand name into the new forms, colours, sizes, ingredients, or flavour of an existing product category. For example, existing Audi S1 is upgrade to Audi S2 and Audi S3 which have a better and pull aheadd performance. Audi S3 thats been tuned by TS Racing. This race car that not only packs an aerodynamic turnout, but it was tuned specifically for racing purposes. The kit includes a front splitter, modified bumpers, a rear diffuser, extended wheel arches, and a roof-mounted scoop.2.2 PRICING schemaNarrowly, price is the amount of money charged for a product or service. Broadly, price is the sum of all the values that consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or service.2.2.1 Factors affecting pricing decisionsAudi is using cost- found pricing method. Audi added a standard makeup to the cost of the product. It is a simplify pricing, which is based on the cost. It is als o fairer to both sellers and buyers as the price set is reasonable.Audi is under oligopolistic contest but not monopolistic competition because there are only few companies those producing automobiles such as Mercedes Benz, Porsche, and BMW in Germany. Audi car is a severalize product. Customers can easily differentiate Audi from the other brands. This is because of the unique logo of Audi which in four rings. The high quality products produced by Audi have developed a very clear image of technology in the minds of their target customers. Besides, Oligopolistic competition market has high barriers to instauration. Therefore, Audi is able to earn economic profit in both con run and long run. Audi is price maker which has the power to set its own price. However, it has to be aware of the actions of the others because it is reciprocal interdependence. Audi shapes its policies with an eye to the policies of the competitors such as Mercedes Benz and BMW. Audi has to observe the acti ons of them from time to time because the actions of Audis competitors will affect Audis profit. Audi spends a large amount of money in advertising to convince customers.2.2.2 New Product pricing strategiesAudi practised market penetration pricing when the new product was introduced in the market. Market penetration pricing is a quick- entry price strategy that assumes low price will gain high gross revenue volume which will result in lowering costs. It set a low initial price which is lower than the eventual(prenominal) market price in order for the brand to penetrate the market quickly and deeply. By using this method, Audi expect to attract a large number of buyers quickly to the new brand as the product demand is highly price elastic. It also assumed that the lowers price will win market share. at once the marker share is gained, the price of Audi will be raised.2.2.3 Product Mix Pricing StrategiesProduct line pricing is a pricing strategy used to sell different products in the same product range at different prices based on features or benefits. In another words, it is when a company must decide the price differences between the upgrade of the product or service. Audi has different type of moulding of car.The purpose of using these strategies is to maximize the profit of the company. For example, there is a Brobdingnagian range price different between Audi S3 and Audi TT.2.2.4 Price Adjustment StrategiesDiscount and allowance pricing rivets the product prices to reward customers responses. Discount can be classified in to cash, quantity, functional and seasonal whereas allowances can be divided into trade-in and also promotional. For example, the Audi buyers can get the spare part from Germany Motor located in Petaling Jaya that comes with rebates and warranties.Dynamic pricing is known as time-based pricing or third-degree price discrimination. It occurs when consumers are divided into two or more groups with withdraw demand curves, and different pr ices are charged to each group. When done successfully, price discrimination practices like this enables the firm to capture more consumer surplus and thus, increase the profit of a firm. Dynamic pricing adjust the prices continually to meet the characteristics and needs of individual customers and situations. Wide range of goods would be priced according to what the market will bear. If the demands of Audi car increase, the price of it will decrease, vice versa.The situation pricing has a different price for different location or sitting arrangement. Audi car will be priced higher in Malaysia due to the location and high government import taxes.2.3 PLACE STRATEGY2.3.1 Market Channels/ Distribution ChannelsMarket dissemination channel is a system of market institutions that enhances the physical flow of goods and services, along with ownership title, from producer to consumer or business user.Audi is promoting their products by using indirect gross sales marketing channel. Audi i s performing as producer only so it needs other channels like retailers and wholesalers in order to facilitate the exchange process by cutting down the number of contacts necessary. The intermediaries will also help Audi to promote their products to the final consumers with the help of intermediary, Audi manage to guidance on produce innovative products rather than busy on promoting their products.2.3.2 Retailing/ WholesalingAmong the sales channel, Audi is using wholesaler channel to promote their products to the consumers. Wholesaling is known as all activities involved in selling goods and services to those buying for resale or business use. Since Audi is the company that involve in manufacturing products only, so it needs to brook wholesaling process to promote their products by using developing and spreading persuasive communications.Therefore, Audi has form a secure wholesaling base to promote to the final customers and it need to grasp the real issues facing the wholesaler s in order to mechanism the appropriate growth measures. With the strong wholesaler channel, Audi will able to focus on their innovation for products to stay competing in such high competitive market since this market is known as oligopolistic competition.2.4 PROMOTION STRATEGIESAudi Company is playing its role very well in the marketing promotional activities through the concept of unified marketing communications. Audi Company is using a multifaceted promotion premix as its tools to increase the sales of its car and also achieve a higher performance. Those promotional activities of Audi Company are trying their stovepipe to attract consumers attention and to make communication with them in order to reach them in a interconnected manner through integrated marketing communication.2.4.1 Direct MarketingOne of the elements in Audi Companys integrated promotional mix is direct marketing. It is offering a very special surrounding for its consumers to make them feeling good in all the way of purchasing their new expectative cars. After stepped in the Customer Center, consumers will be welcomed by Audi Companys staffs and they will consult with the consumer to plan their plan for the day according to the objective they want to do. The schedule will be included a highlight activities, factory tour. The tour guide will show them how to produce the Audi Cars by using advance technology and accuracy workmanship way. Another highlight activeness is visit to Audi pasture and Audi museum shop. Audi shop stocks top-quality branded goods and up market lifestyle articles. In the Audi museum shop you are able to browse all the attractive tradition collection and a range of mock up historical cars are stored in it. At the end of the day that is the moment of the consumers to pick up their new car.2.4.2 Sales PromotionThere is a sales promotion conducted by Audi Company is called as cheerful Anniversary and Happy Oktoberfest. This program is available for all the rang e of the Audi owners. To let more consumers join for this program, Audi Company has provided all the styles, sophistication and performance of its cars in the exceptional prices. Furthermore, consumers also able to test-drive an Audi of their choice to discover which Audi are suitable for them.2.4.3 Public RelationsPublic relations refer to a firms communications and relationships with all types of its customers, such as publics. A very good news which is bring from Audi Company is that Audi will organizes the INI and HIN events, which serve as an education forum for everyone. And the INI.JUGEND.KOLLEG and the HIN.JUGEND.KOLLEG is just focus on the youth which are talented and interested in the promotion of technologies. During the series of the events, those participants will gain an luck to discuss and obtain some information about the current social and technical topics. A clear and accessible of the knowledge will be brought by a team of well-known(a) speakers from Audi partner universities. With it, Audi Company is able to get more employed with untested talent. At the same times, it can gain a good image from its customers and stronger its Brand Name end-to-end the country or the world.2.4.4 Product PlacementAnother promotional mix element using by Audi Company is product placement. It is a non-personal selling marketing strategy. This approach is not only a lower cost-spending but also a very efficient way to gain more patron delineation to the users. Recently, Audi Company is using this approach by launching a free iPhone game which is called A4 Driving repugn 2.0. By choosing iPhone to expend Audi Companys customer flows as iPhone has gain a high performance of sales in the market segmentations from upper-upper to upper-lower. Audi Company is just a newest brand in using this non-traditional selling method in order to extend sales and to draw in more future clients as well.2.4.5 Official clear SiteOn the other hand, it is a new trend that all co mpanies will use advance technology to connect with their existing or incoming customers like social wed site or their own official meshwork site. Same as other company does, Audi Company also having their own official web site which is http//www.audi.com/com/brand/en.html. By browsing their pages, customers are able to obtain in style(p) information, latest improvement and whether there is any latest new product is introduced into market. If consumers are wish to buy a new Audi, there is a fast and convenient way to check in the website, it has uploaded a list of details for all types of the Audi.Chapter 3 Analysis of Market Opportunities3.1 Technological OpportunitiesOne such chance in the future was the concept of a hybrid car that was first introduced in the 90s by Toyota. It would be a great technological opportunity for Audi to explore this as it would be perceived as a core segment of the automotive market of the future. The meaning of hybrid car, as quoted by Jeffrey Orlo ff (2007), is a vehicle that uses an on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fuel based power source for vehicle propulsion. These vehicles useless fuel than their counterparts and produce fewer emissions. Hybrid vehicles recharge their batteries by capturing kinetic energy through regenerative braking. Some hybrids use the combustion engine to generate electricity by spinning a beginning to either recharge the battery or directly feed power to an electric motor that drives the vehicle. This takes place when cruising or in other situations where just light thrust is needed.Besides technology, several other environmental factors will also be discussed on how it presented such an opportunity for Audi AG and on how Audi could affect those environment.Although there is now in existence of many hybrid cars that are successful like Prius or Tesla, but none has dared to produce an elite and luxurious hybrid car which is currently being developed by Audi AG. much(prenomin al) an innovation could help Audi to dominate the automotive market for the next 25 years as quoted by the company because it would give them a great competitive edge. So far, Audi has developed 3 hybrid concept car which are Audi e-tron, Audi e-tronSpyder and Audi A8 Hybrid. Each of those cars are being researched independently in several workshops that follows on the new hybrid technologies like full hybrid, plug-in hybrid and parallel hybrid respectively. Besides, Audi also monitors all other innovation for a competitive advantage for example new alternative fuels called cellulosic ethanol for the hybrids or even Quattro drive system in correspondent to hybrid technology. With all technology combined and utilized with maximum effectiveness, it helps Audi to contend not only the social concerns but also the economic concerns in the market environment.Focusing on Audi, their hybrid concept cars in the future market is able rival all luxurious sports car and luxury cars existed in the market now.Audi will embrace this opportunity and continue to advance in it technologically by making better hybrid cars and would eventually help pave the way for a more advanced environmentally friendly technology. As quoted in a CNN article by Phil OSullivan (2004), In the future we see this (hybrid cars) as an interim technology. In the future long-term fuel cells (may be) the best alternative.3.2 Social Market OpportunitiesBesides, Audi also seeks opportunities in the social of the Asian market as Asian market is new and having spacious development in automobile industry. The new emerging markets of Asian markets, peculiarly chinaware and India, are huge opportunities for Audi. By 2015, the Audi Indian car sale is estimated to be reaching more than $40 billion. In mainland China figures indicate that sales will be in excess of 250,000 million vehicles in a similar period of time.The car sales in both of these countries are growing, as people in these countries are gett ing wealthier and more discerning, they need more high-class brands such as Audi. According to MrMichealPerschke, Head, Audi India, the young generation, especially those who return from overseas, want more and their fathers are handling over the reins of business a lot faster, strange the past, todays global Indians have different mindset. This kind of mind- set has made India a potential market for Audi to hit the roof their market, giving them the opportunity to be the leader in automobile industry.Another reason for Audi to choose China and India as their target market to expand their automobile industry China and India are countries which have the most population of people, hence, providing them a great source of labor force, and, the cost of doing is much cheaper than in Europe countries because the cost of labor force is much cheaper. China and India have provided a great market opportunity for Audi, as the level of living in these countries is getting higher, thus increas ing the demand of luxury cars, and also, people in these countries are able to provide Audi a great source of labor which could enhance the production.Chapter 4 Recommendations4.1The electro rheological (ER) fluids used in the hybrid cars engine require high potential difference to operate, that is, the breakdown voltage of air is 3kV/mm. Audi can modify the ER fluid, by using different combination of electrodes which can annul the voltage requirement of ER fluidto function. Suspension, which particles may tend to clump or settle, is also one of the major problems of using ER fluid in hybrid vehicles. Audi can tackle this problem by coordinated the density of the solid and liquid particles in the components, to ensure the effectiveness of the operation. Or, Audi can use nanotechnology-the nanoparticles, which the particles are very tiny in size, hence, reducing the suspension. To overcome the problem of settlement of particles in the engine, Audi can add lubricator to enhance to lubricity of the engine, which can help to discourage the gravitational settling and promote particle suspense. Lubricant helps to reduce friction, thus, enhancing the smoothness of operation, modifying the viscosity and inhibiting wear, improving the problem of suspension.4.2Next, it could be considered a right choice for Audi to expand its production in China and India because the labour cost in those potentially developing countries is much lower oppose to its original country. However, low labour cost might affect the production of the company. A low net profit paid to a worker would discourage a worker to put in effort to do his part perfectly. Audi can prevent this problem by increasing the wages or maybe give bonus to its workers who show their initiative to perform well in their job. It would not be a novel decision to have a great number of unskilled or unknowledgeable workers in an operation. Hence, it is suggested that, Audi chooses its cabal wisely. Choose skilful a nd knowledgeable people to join the crew through a careful interview. Otherwise, provide training to those unskilled workers, or provide time- to- time skill- up courses and practical training, so that the workers are equip with relevant and up- to- date knowledge and skills. Besides, the Board of Directors has to do its duty checking the employees from time to time, distinguish the problem face by employees and company, so that improvements can be made to ensure the quality of production is maintained.4.3There is a research shows that Asia countries, especially India is a highly potential developing country, as it attracts many international expendors to invest in the country, meaning India has potential to become a high class country. This means that people in India will be able to owe luxury cars like Audi in future. However, presently the purchasing power for luxury goods of people in the country is still limited. Actually, Audi can refer to this present situation, come out w ith the concept of producing low cost cars or ordinary cars, to meet the needs of people in the countries. In this case, people with less income will be also able to own a car themselves. This will not only expand the market and increase the income of the companyit is also beneficial to the people who are having a moderate income.Chapter 5 ConclusionIn my opinion, I think the current marketing mix which Audi has, is satisfactory to customer needs. Because for a new or potential customer, Audi will offer free test drive for the customer and to make sure there are satisfy with their product. On the other hand, customer also can easily to obtain latest information from the website. Because Audi Company having their own official web site which is www.audi.com/com/brand/en.html.In providing a wide range of products and with high quality, Audi has by far influenced most of the customers perception favorably towards its products. From time the company was created till now, the quality of t he products that Audi offers is improving each year. But the well-known car that less frequently bought by the consumers because the price is too expensive which is within the range of RM 179,900 to RM 1250,000. The price will expensive is because Audi do price comparison with other car in the market with their main competitors which are BMW and Mercedes-Benz. And it is a branded product that having mass advertisement in magazines, television and personal selling by reseller and producer in order to convince consumers to buy it and remind the consumer about their product in the market.Even though the prices imposed by Audi seems to be fair with consideration of the quality of the products offered. The only problem is that, Audi has priced its products too expensively for a middle or lower class customer to afford to buy those products. Apart from that Audi has targeted its market mainly to urban customers as are the only customers who can afford such expensive products. In my opinio n, I think Audi has to create also some of low end products with low prices which can be affordable to low income users.As I have mentioned above, In the case of place (distribution), Audi is using wholesaler channel to promote their products to the consumers. With the Audi have strong wholesaler channel, it will able to focus on their innovation for products to keep competing in such high competitive market since this market is known as oligopolistic competition.